Twitter is increasingly relying on services written in either Java or Scala and running on the JVM. Although the JVM gives the company a world-class runtime in terms of operational stability, performance, and manageability, achieving the desired performance characteristics of the programs being run on it is still not trivial, especially when you are dealing with services that need lots of memory, require very low latency, or both. This session presents examples of performance problems Twitter encountered while operating JVM-based services and the ways it solved them.